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ENERGY

geothermal | direct heat | progress in Germany | future trends

DIRECT HEAT USE

source: iga.igg.cnr.it/geo/
geoenergy.php

www.undp.org/seed/eap/activities/
wea/drafts-frame.html

europa.eu.int/comm/energy_
transport/atlas/html/geoomark.html

Direct heat use* is one of the oldest, most versatile and also the most common form of utilisation of geothermal energy:

with respect to other renewable energy sources, geothermal represents 5% of the total direct heat production from renewables, while biomass accounts for 93% and solar 2%;

the most common non-electric use worldwide (in terms of installed capacity) is heat pumps (34.80%), followed by bathing (26.20%), space-heating (21.62%), greenhouses (8.22%), aquaculture (3.93%), and industrial processes (3.13%).

The number of countries with direct uses of geothermal energy has increased: in 2000, 58 countries reported direct uses, compared to 28 in 1995 and 24 in 1985.

* Direct application of geothermal energy can involve a wide variety of end uses, such as space heating and cooling, industry, greenhouses, fish farming, and health spas. It mostly uses existing technology and straightforward engineering.

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