 |
R&D EXPENDITURE/GDP
source: www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook
epp.eurostat.cec.eu.int
www1.oecd.org/publications
|
|
The great majority of countries around the world still spend only a tiny fraction of their Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on science and technology research...
R&D expenditure in selected countries
(measured as the percentage of GDP) | country | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | | | | | | | | | OECD countries | 2.30 | 2.28 | 2.26 | 2.37 | | | Australia | 1.53 | 1.55 | 1.62 | | | | Austria | 1.91 | 2.04 | 2.12 | 2.20 | 2.27 | | Belgium | 1.90 | 1.96 | 2.04 | 2.17(p) | 2.24 | | Canada | 1.92 | 2.03 | 1.91 | 1.87 | | | Czech Rep. | 1.16 | 1.16 | 1.23 | 1.22 | 1.22 | | Denmark | 2.19 | 2.40 | 2.50 | 2.52 | 2.60 | | Finland | 3.40 | 3.41 | 3.46 | 3.52 | 3.37* | | France | 2.17 | 2.18 | 2.18 | 2.23 | 2.26 | | Germany | 2.31 | 2.44 | 2.49 | 2.51 | 2.53 | | Greece | | 0.67 | | 0.64 | | | Hungary | 0.68 | 0.69 | 0.80 | 0.95 | 1.02 | | Iceland | 2.75 | 2.77 | 3.09 | 3.00 | 3.09 | | Ireland | 1.25 | 1.19 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.09 | | Italy | 1.07 | 1.04 | 1.07 | 1.11 | 1.16 | | Japan | 2.98 | 3.07 | 3.12 | | 3.30 | | Korea (South) | | 2.39 | 2.59 | 2.64 | 2.90 | | Luxembourg | 1.70 | | 1.71 | | | | Mexico | 0.40(1) | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.34 | | | Netherlands | 1.94 | 2.02 | 1.90 | 1.89 | | | New Zealand | 1.03 | | | | 1.17 | | Norway | | 1.65 | 1.60 | 1.67 | 1.89 | | Poland | 0.68 | 0.70 | 0.66 | 0.64 | 0.59 | | Portugal | | 0.75 | | 0.85 | 0.80 | | Slovak Rep. | 0.79 | 0.66 | 0.65 | 0.64 | 0.58 | | Spain | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 1.03 | | Sweden | 3.62 | 3.65 | 4.27 | 4.30 | | | Switzerland | 2.57 | 2.63 | | 3.00 | | | Turkey | 0.50 | 0.63 | 0.64 | 0.72 | 0.66 | | United Kingdom | 1.81 | 1.85 | 1.85 | 1.89 | 1.87 | | United States | 2.80 | 2.72 | 2.67 | 2.76 | 2.70 | | EU15* | 1.90 | | 1.93 | 1.99 | 2.00 | | EU25* | 1.88 | | | 1.93 | 1.95 | | other countries | | | | | | | Israel | 4.72 | 5.04 | 4.73 | | | | Slovenia | 1.46 | 1.57 | 1.54 | 1.53 | | | Singapore | 1.88 | 2.11 | 2.19 | | | | Russian Federation | 1.05 | 1.16 | 1.24 | 1.28 | | | Taiwan | 2.05 | 2.16 | 2.30 | | | | developing countries | | | | | | | Arab States | 0.20(1) | | | | | | Argentina | | 0.40 | | 0.41 | | | Bangladesh | | 0.03 | | | | | Brazi | l0.90(1) | | | 0.91 | 1.05 | | China | 1.01 | 1.09 | 1.23 | | 1.35 | | Cuba | 0.80(1) | | | | | | India | 1.2 | | 1.08 | | | | Indonesia | | 0.24 | | | | | Malaysia | 0.50 | | 0.70 | 0.22 | | | Philippines | | 0.22 | | | | | South Africa | 0.70 | | 0.76 | 0.81 | | | Thailand | | 0.14 | | | | | Tunisia | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.53 | 0.62 | | | Uganda | 0.80 | | | | | | World | 1.70 | | | | |
(1) Data 1999.
Sources: OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators; South Korea’s gov., “2004 Research and development(R&D) activities”; Eurostat.
|
